Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Marketing plan - Essay Example The contemporary marketing is largely influenced by technology, competition, globalization and customers’ ever-changing specific requirements. Therefore, a marketer has to foresee how these significant variables can impact its marketing domain and how they can effectively be managed in order its marketing activities to be successful and to help it create long-term sustainable competitive advantage. This paper presents a marketing plan for ‘Green Pizza Restaurant’ in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, comprising of major marketing and situational analysis and relevant description of marketing objectives and marketing strategies. This paper uses SWOT analysis and PEST for analyzing both internal and external environmental factors to the business. With relation to marketing objective, segmentation, target market and positioning strategy (STP) and marketing mix strategy including its sub-elements of product, price, promotion and place are detailed in this paper. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 SITUATION ANALYSIS (Internal to the company) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Company’s mission, objectives and growth strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ... 9 Competitor Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 The Economic Environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 Technology Environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 Social and cultural environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 SWOT Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 Marketing Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 DEVELOPING MARKETING STRATEGIES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Pizza Products and its use †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Segmentation Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Targeting Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 Positioning Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 Product Strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 Pricing Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 18 Promotional Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 19 Supply Chain Strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦ 20 IMPLEMENTING AND CONTROLLING THE MARKETING PLAN†¦ 20 Action plan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20 Responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 21 Budget †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 21 Time Line †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 21 Evaluation and measuring the performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 REFERENCES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 23 Introduction Planning is an extremely important and critical element to successfully performing a marketing or any other

Who needs Superstars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Who needs Superstars - Essay Example A corporate superstar is someone that shines above al of the rest and the article refers to the fact that there is not enough talent in corporate America. There are the Bill Gates and the Donald Trumps of the business world but every organization needs their own Gates and Trumps and having just one in the organization is not enough. However, Article 18 points out that the Gates and Trumps of the corporate world are rare. The article likens them to unicorns, the mythical beast with special powers and explains that many corporations dedicate their resources to discovering a unicorn. It also examines the fact that there are not enough unicorns out there and presents a solution to this problem. There article also includes a discussion of what a corporation has to do with the unicorn once they find it. If one of these corporate superstars is expected to perform to their capabilities and display their talent they must be challenged. The difficulty in this is that talent is so rare it is easier for an organization to dedicate their resources to working with a group of normal individuals to acquire talent out of the group of them. Article 18 also details the problems that organizations have with structure. It describes initiative programs put into motion by corporations but and also details how most times these initiatives are not followed through with. It is necessary for the talent in the company to be challenged in order for them to prosper but Article 18 points out that in most companies this is not done. Application The premise of talent can be applied to my life and my place of work. Where I work everyone does what they are supposed to do to keep their jobs and not much more. I work with some very intelligent people who actually are probably very talented. However, their talent does not rise to the top because they are not challenged. I believe that there is routine in the workplace and this gives an atmosphere for mediocrity. The work environment is one of routine and if initiatives were given and followed through with, I think that more people might go the extra step and their true talent and potential would surface. I think that potential is a very important word in this discussion because its as if not enough people perform to their potential. At my workplace, the employees walk around like robots and do their tasks in a routine manner giving nothing extra. However, it is important to point out that hard work is not rewarded in the company I work for. That brings up another point that needs to be addressed and that is does hard work have to be rewarded or should it be expected I feel that talented people in an organization are those individuals that put one hundred percent effort into everything that do. I also that they do this not to be rewarded but because that is how they perform and that is what makes them talented. The problem is how to get the talent out of people. The question that is being examined in this portion is how to apply this premise to a place of work. As I pointed out my placer of work is filled with individuals who do what is expected of them and nothing more. Would initiatives work I believe some motivation would be helpful but as Article 18 pointed out an initiative program needs structure and must be followed through with. I think that at my place of work there would be no structure to an initiative plan. I do feel it would be embraced at the beginning but would eventually fade out and everyone's attitude would be back to where it is now. This brings up the point of being rewarded and expecting it. I know all

Theorems Related To Mersenne Primes Mathematics Essay

Theorems Related To Mersenne Primes Mathematics Essay Introduction: In the past many use to consider that the numbers of the type 2p-1 were prime for all primes numbers which is p, but when Hudalricus Regius (1536) clearly established that 211-1 = 2047 was not prime because it was divisible by 23 and 83 and later on Pietro Cataldi (1603) had properly confirmed about 217-1 and 219-1 as both give prime numbers but also inaccurately declared that 2p-1 for 23, 29, 31 and 37 gave prime numbers. Then Fermat (1640) proved Cataldi was wrong about 23 and 37 and Euler (1738) showed Cataldi was also incorrect regarding 29 but made an accurate conjecture about 31. Then after this extensive history of this dilemma with no accurate result we saw the entry of Martin Mersenne who declared in the introduction of his Cogitata Physica-Mathematica (1644) that the numbers 2p-1 were prime for:- p= 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 19, 31, 67, 127 and 257 and for  other positive integers where p So simply the definition is when 2p-1 forms a prime number it is recognized to be a Mersenne prime. Many years later with new numbers being discovered belonging to Mersenne Primes there are still many fundamental questions about Mersenne primes which remain unresolved. It is still not identified whether Mersenne primes is infinite or finite. There are still many aspects, functions it performs and applications of Mersenne primes that are still unfamiliar With this concept in mind the focus of my extended essay would be: What are Mersenne Primes and it related functions? The reason I choose this topic was because while researching on my extended essay topics and I came across this part which from the beginning intrigued me and it gave me the opportunity to fill this gap as very little was taught about these aspects in our school and at the same time my enthusiasm to learn something new through research on this topic. Through this paper I will explain what are Mersenne primes and certain theorems, related to other aspects and its application that are related with it. Theorems Related to Mersenne Primes: p is prime only if 2p  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  1 is prime. Proof: If p is composite then it can be written as p=x*y with x, y > 1. 2xy-1= (2x-1)*(1+2x+22x+23x+à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..+2(b-1)a) Thus we have got 2xy à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 as a product of integers > 1. If n is an odd prime, then any prime m that divides 2n à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 must be 1 plus a multiple of 2n. This holds even when 2n à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 is prime. Examples: Example I: 25 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 = 31 is prime, and 31 is multiple of (2ÃÆ'-5) +1 Example II: 211 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 = 23ÃÆ'-89, where 23 = 1 + 2ÃÆ'-11, and 89 = 1 + 8ÃÆ'-11. Proof: If m divides 2n à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 then 2n à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ 1 (mod m). By Fermats Theorem we know that 2(m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ 1 (mod m). Assume n and m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 are comparatively prime which is similar to Fermats Theorem that states that (m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1)(n à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ 1 (mod n). Hence there is a number x à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ (m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1)(n à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 2) for which (m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1) ·x à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ 1 (mod n), and thus a number k for which (m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1) ·x à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 = kn. Since 2(m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ 1 (mod m), raising both sides of the congruence to the power x gives 2(m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1)x à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ 1, and since 2n à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ 1 (mod m), raising both sides of the congruence to the power k gives 2kn à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ 1. Thus 2(m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1)x/2kn = 2(m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1)x à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ kn à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ 1 (mod m). But by meaning, ( m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1)x à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ kn = 1 which implies that 21 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ 1 (mod m) which means that m divides 1. Thus the first conjecture that n and m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 are relatively prime is unsustainable. Since n is prime m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 have to be a multiple of n. Note: This information provides a confirmation of the infinitude of primes different from Euclids Theorem which states that if there were finitely many primes, with n being the largest, we have a contradiction because every prime dividing 2n à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 must be larger than n. If n is an odd prime, then any prime m that divides 2n à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 must be congruent to +/-1 (mod 8). Proof: 2n + 1 = 2(mod m), so 2(n + 1) / 2 is a square root of 2 modulo m. By quadratic reciprocity, any prime modulo which 2 has a square root is congruent to +/-1 (mod 8). A Mersenne prime cannot be a Wieferich prime. Proof: We show if p = 2m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 is a Mersenne prime, then the congruence does not satisfy. By Fermats Little theorem, m | p à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1. Now write, p à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 = mÃŽÂ ». If the given congruence satisfies, then p2 | 2mÃŽÂ » à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1, therefore Hence 2m à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 | ÃŽÂ », and therefore . This leads to , which is impossible since . The Lucas-Lehmer Test Mersenne prime are found using the following theorem: For n an odd prime, the Mersenne number 2n-1 is a prime if and only if 2n -1 divides S(p-1) where S(p+1) = S(p)2-2, and S(1) = 4. The assumption for this test was initiated by Lucas (1870) and then made into this straightforward experiment by Lehmer (1930). The progression S(n) is calculated modulo 2n-1 to conserve time.   This test is perfect for binary computers since the division by 2n-1 (in binary) can only be completed using rotation and addition. Lists of Known Mersenne Primes: After the discovery of the first few Mersenne Primes it took more than two centuries with rigorous verification to obtain 47 Mersenne primes. The following table below lists all recognized Mersenne primes:- It is not well-known whether any undiscovered Mersenne primes present between the 39th and the 47th from the above table; the position is consequently temporary as these numbers werent always discovered in their increasing order. The following graph shows the number of digits of the largest known Mersenne primes year wise. Note: The vertical scale is logarithmic. Factorization The factorization of a prime number is by meaning itself the prime number itself. Now if talk about composite numbers. Mersenne numbers are excellent investigation cases for the particular number field sieve algorithm, so frequently that the largest figure they have factorized with this has been a Mersenne number. 21039 1 (2007) is the record-holder after estimating took with the help of a couple of hundred computers, mostly at NTT in Japan and at EPFL in Switzerland and yet the time period for calculation was about a year. The special number field sieve can factorize figures with more than one large factor. If a number has one huge factor then other algorithms can factorize larger figures by initially finding the answer of small factors and after that making a primality test on the cofactor. In 2008 the largest Mersenne number with confirmed prime factors is 217029 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 = 418879343 ÃÆ'- p, where p was prime which was confirmed with ECPP. The largest with possible pr ime factors allowed is 2684127 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 = 23765203727 ÃÆ'- q, where q is a likely prime. Generalization: The binary depiction of 2p à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1 is the digit 1 repeated p times. A Mersenne prime is the base 2 repunit primes. The base 2 depiction of a Mersenne number demonstrates the factorization example for composite exponent. Examples in binary notation of the Mersenne prime would be: 25à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 = 111112 235à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 = (111111111111111111111111111111)2 Mersenne Primes and Perfect Numbers Many were anxious with the relationship of a two sets of different numbers as two how they can be interconnected. One such connection that many people are concerned still today is Mersenne primes and Perfect Numbers. When a positive integer that is the sum of its proper positive divisors, that is, the sum of the positive divisors excluding the number itself then is it said to be known as Perfect Numbers. Equivalently, a perfect number is a number that is half the sum of all of its positive divisors. There are said to be two types of perfect numbers: 1) Even perfect numbers- Euclid revealed that the first four perfect numbers are generated by the formula 2nà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1(2n  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  1): n = 2:    2(4 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1) = 6 n = 3:    4(8 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1) = 28 n = 5:    16(32 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1) = 496 n = 7:    64(128 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 1) = 8128. Noticing that 2n  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  1 is a prime number in each instance, Euclid proved that the formula 2nà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1(2n  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  1) gives an even perfect number whenever 2p  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  1 is prime 2) Odd perfect numbers- It is unidentified if there might be any odd perfect numbers. Various results have been obtained, but none that has helped to locate one or otherwise resolve the question of their existence. An example would be the first perfect number that is 6. The reason for this is so since 1, 2, and 3 are its proper positive divisors, and 1  +  2  +  3  =  6. Equivalently, the number 6 is equal to half the sum of all its positive divisors: (1  +  2  +  3  +  6)  /  2  =  6. Few Theorems related with Perfect numbers and Mersenne primes: Theorem One: z is an even perfect number if and only if it has the form 2n-1(2n-1) and 2n-1 is a prime. Suppose first that   p = 2n-1 is a prime number, and set l = 2n-1(2n-1).   To show l is perfect we need only show sigma(l) = 2l.   Since sigma is multiplicative and sigma(p) = p+1 = 2n, we know sigma(n) = sigma(2n-1).sigma(p) =  (2n-1)2n = 2l. This shows that l is a perfect number. On the other hand, suppose l is any even perfect number and write l as 2n-1m where m is an odd integer and n>2.   Again sigma is multiplicative so sigma(2n-1m) = sigma(2n-1).sigma(m) = (2n-1).sigma(m). Since l is perfect we also know that sigma(l) = 2l = 2nm. Together these two criteria give 2nm = (2n-1).sigma(m), so 2n-1 divides 2nm hence 2n-1 divides m, say m = (2n-1)M.   Now substitute this back into the equation above and divide by 2n-1 to get 2nM = sigma(m).   Since m and M are both divisors of m we know that 2nM = sigma(m) > m + M = 2nM, so sigma(m) = m + M.   This means that m is prime and its only two divisors are itself (m) and one (M).   Thus m = 2n-1 is a prime and we have prove that the number l has the prescribed form. Theorem Two: n will also be a prime if 2n-1 is a prime. Proof: Let r and s be positive integers, then the polynomial xrs-1 is xs-1 times xs(r-1) + xs(r-2) + + xs + 1.   So if n is composite (say r.s with 1 Theorem Three:   Let n and m be primes. If q divides Mn = 2n-1, then q = +/-1 (mod 8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and  q = 2kn + 1 for some integer k. Proof: If p divides Mq, then 2q  =  1 (mod p) and the order of 2 (mod p) divides the prime q, so it must be q.   By Fermats Little Theorem the order of 2 also divides p-1, so p-1  =  2kq.   This gives 2(p-1)/2 = 2qk = 1 (mod p) so 2 is a quadratic residue mod p and it follows p = +/-1 (mod 8), which completes the proof. Theorem Four: If p = 3 (mod 4) be prime and then 2p+1 is also prime only if 2p+1 divides 2p-1. Proof: Suppose q = 2p+1 is prime. q  =  7 (mod  8) so 2 is a quadratic residue modulo q and it follows that there is an integer n such that n2  =  2 (mod  q). This shows 2p = 2(q-1)/2 = nq-1 = 1 (mod q), showing q divides Mp.       Conversely, let 2p+1 be a factor of Mp. Suppose, for proof by contradiction, that 2p+1 is composite and let q be its least prime factor. Then 2p  =  1 (mod  q) and the order of 2 modulo q divides both p and q-1, hence p divides q-1. This shows q  >  p and it follows (2p+1) + 1 > q2 > p2 which is a contradiction since p > 2. Theorem Five: When we add the digits of any even perfect number with the exception of 6 and then sum the digits of the resulting number and keep doing it again until we get a single digit which will be one. Examples. 28  ¬10  ¬ 1, 496  ¬ 19  ¬ 10  ¬ 1, and 8128  ¬ 19  ¬10  ¬ 1 Proof: Let s(n) be the sum of the digits of n. It is easy to see that s(n) = n (mod 9). So to prove the theorem, we need only show that perfect numbers are congruent to one modulo nine. If n is a perfect number, then n has the form 2p-1(2p-1) where p is prime which see in the above theorem one. So p is either 2, 3, or is congruent to 1 or 5 modulo 6. Note that we have excluded the case p=2 (n=6). Finally, modulo nine, the powers of 2 repeat with period 6 (that is, 26 = 1 (mod 9)), so modulo nine n is congruent to one of the three numbers 21-1(21-1), 23-1(23-1), or 25-1(25-1), which are all 1 (mod 9). Conjectures and Unsolved Problems: Does an odd perfect number exist?   We have so far known that even perfect numbers are 2n-1(2n-1)from the Theorem One above, but what about odd perfect numbers?   If there is an odd perfect number, then it has to follow certain conditions:- To be a perfect square times an odd power of a single prime; It is divisible by at least eight primes and has to have at least 75 prime factors with at least 9 distinct It has at least 300 decimal digits and it has a prime divisor greater that 1020. Are there infinite numbers of Mersenne primes?   The answer is probably yes because of the harmonic sequence deviation. The New Mersenne Conjecture: P. T. Bateman, J. L. Selfridge and Wagstaff, Jr., S. S., have conjectured the following:- Let n be any odd natural number. If two of the following statements hold, subsequently so does the third: n = 2p+/-1  Ã‚   or  Ã‚   n = 4p+/-3 2n-1 is a prime (2n+1)/3 is a prime. Are all Mersenne number 2n-1 square free? This is kind of like an open question to which the answer is still not known and hence it cannot be called a conjecture. It is simple to illustrate that if the square of a prime n divides a Mersenne, then p is a Wieferich prime which are uncommon!   Only two are acknowledged lower than 4,000,000,000,000 and none of these squared divide a Mersenne.    If C0 = 2, then let C1 = 2C0-1, C2 = 2C1-1, C3 = 2C2-1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ then are all of these prime numbers?   Dickson Catalan (1876) responded to Lucas stating 2127-1 (which is C4) being a prime with this sequence: C0 = 2 (which is a prime) C1 = 3 (which is a prime) C2 = 7 (which is a prime) C3 = 127 (which is a prime) C4 = 170141183460469231731687303715884105727 (which is a prime) C5 > 1051217599719369681875006054625051616349 (is C5 a prime or not?) It looks as if it will not be very likely that C5 or further larger terms would be prime number.   If there is a single composite term in this series, then by theorem one each and every one of the following terms would be composite.   Are there more double-Mersenne primes? Another general misunderstanding was that if n=Mp is prime, then so is Mn; Lets assume this number Mn to be MMp which would be a double-Mersenne.  As we apply this to the first four such numbers we get prime numbers: MM2 = 2(4  -1) -1= 23-1  Ã‚   =  7 MM3 =  2(8-1)-1  Ã‚   =  127 MM5 =  2(32-1)-1  =  2147483647, MM7 =  2(128-1)-1 =  170141183460469231731687303715884105727. Application of Mersenne Prime: In computer science, unspecified p-bit integers can be utilized to express numbers up to Mp. In the mathematical problem Tower of Hanoi is where the Mersenne primes are used. It is a mathematical puzzle consisting of three rods, and a number of disks of different sizes, which can slide onto any rod. The puzzle begins with the disks in ascending order of size on the first rod, the largest at the bottom to the smallest at the top. A diagram given below illustrates the Tower of Hanoi. The objective of the puzzle is to move the entire stack to another rod, obeying the following rules: Only one disk may be moved at a time. Each move consists of taking the upper disk from one of the rods and sliding it onto another rod, on top of the other disks that may already be present on that rod. No disk may be placed on top of a smaller disk. Now to solve this game with a p-disc tower needs the minimum of Mp no of steps, where p is the no of disc used in the Tower of Hanoi and if we use the formula of Mersenne then we get the required result. An example of this would be if there were 5 discs involved in this Tower of Hanoi then the least number of steps required to finish this game would be 31 steps minimum. Conclusion After investigating the entire aspects, functions, and few applications of Mersenne Primes I believe that there is still many unsolved theories when it comes to Mersenne primes. These primes are also useful to investigates much further and deeper into the number system and help us to understand more sets of numbers such as Fermat prime, Wieferich prime, Wagstaff prime, Solinas prime etc.

Euthanasia: Killing or Helping Essay -- Essays Paper

Euthanasia: Killing or Helping Is society playing the role of God or is the world so wrapped up in their lives that God no longer matters? Euthanasia has been around since the ancient Romans and Greeks and has been a highly debated subject just as it is today. In history and in arguments stated today is that â€Å"people are the created and not the Creator† (Gula 26). There are many things that society can argue about the subject of euthanasia but the main debate is that euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide is wrong. Society gets euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide confused because they both have to do with physicians tending to the patient’s death. Society is either for or against euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. It is debated throughout history, within the church, and even within the medical profession; however euthanasia is wrong. Euthanasia is a problem that has been facing people since the time of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Manning states that the ancient Greeks and Romans preferred to die, then to go through the pain and suffering (Manning 6). During the time of the Romans and Greeks, euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide was a common, everyday thing. However, a group called the Pythagoreans opposed euthanasia back then because they believed that God valued the human life itself and the act of killing someone who is already suffering was considered disrespectful (Manning 6). Plato and Aristotle both opposed euthanasia for a couple of reasons. Plato opposed suicide, but on the other hand, he rejected that the right to take a life had only belonged to the gods (Manning 8-9). According to Manning, Plato believed when a person’s life was considered useless... ...at kind of relationship would that constitute for a physician? Euthanasia is a subject that society is not just going to let pass by them without society giving their points of view. Euthanasia is just another excuse for physician’s to be able to kill another human life that could still be worth living, just as abortion is seen. As society has grown since ancient times they have come across many more debates and many more reasons why euthanasia so be allowed or not allowed. If society allows such an act of degrading of a life, we will be taking life into our hands and will be leading into a whole different world. The main question that boggles many people’s minds is that if society allows this form of killing to go on then what is society going to let happen next? Is society taking life into our own hands or is our life taking us into its hands?

Jude the Obscure Essay

According to philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, religion is a â€Å"falsehood. † The implications of the â€Å"death of God† addressed by Nietzsche are portrayed through the characters and the plot itself of the novel Jude the Obscure written by Thomas Hardy. Nietzsche believes that religion has influenced and distorted the value of truth, the influence of morality, and the need for worship, leading people down a path of wandering. The main character in the novel, Jude, experiences many troubles throughout his life, which stem from uncertainty of his beliefs and desires. Religion seems to be the light Jude should follow, but it is actually an illusion, which leads to a falsehood of truth and meaning, morality, and the church. Friedrich Nietzsche believes that everything that made sense with God no longer exists and religion has led to the death of truth and meaning. This is a common theme in Jude the Obscure. Throughout the book, Hardy displays the feeling that religion is something that people use to satisfy themselves by giving their lives meaning. This is apparent in the main character Jude, who is an orphan constantly searching to give himself an identity. Jude gravitates towards people or places hoping to give his life meaning. His relationship with Mr. Phillotson led him to follow a religious path, believing it will help him add meaning to his life. Jude is illustrated as a wanderer, similar to those who are on the path of religion, wandering from place to place to find work and searching for his own identity. Hardy uses this allusion to convey that a religious path does not provide one true destination, but rather it leaves people wandering. The concept of morality and distinguishing between what is good and evil often causes angst and anxiety among people. Religion creates a battle of guilt and uncertainty. Throughout the novel, Jude is battling with his religious views and his deepest desires, wanting to be religious like his mentor but also fulfill his desire to stay with Sue. The guilt Jude felt about his longing to be with Sue led him to leave the church. These feelings of guilt caused Jude to move away from the Church and â€Å"betray† God, as he states, â€Å"The Church is no more to me (Hardy 237). † Religion produced a falsehood of emotions that only left Jude dissatisfied with his thoughts and actions. Religion forms an image of an attainable ideal world, but this ideal vision rejects reality. Within the novel, Jude sees in Christminster an attainable, ideal world, similar to the one people see in the Church, heaven. Hardy uses biblical references that lead readers to make a connection between the Church and Christminster. Jude sees Christminster as â€Å"the city of the light† and â€Å"a place he had likened to the new Jerusalem (Hardy 22). † Jude sees Christminster as a place where he desires to fulfill his hopes and dreams, but this wonderful world exists only in Jude’s imagination. Jude runs to religion to escape his problems and what he had hoped to achieve in Christminster was unfulfilled. His love, Sue, left him for the one who brought him to religion, and he was not accepted to any of the colleges he had desired to attend. Like Hardy, Nietzsche explains that religion and the church create a false illusion of the world, which is actually filled with many letdowns. When religion is gone and God is dead, all that is left is the love we have for one another and ourselves. Jude’s tribulations throughout the novel are linked to his internal battle of emotions towards religion and his desires. Religion is a falsehood that leads to wandering down a path towards an unattainable ideal world. Religion creates one value of truth, but according to Nietzsche and Hardy, there isn’t one single truth and it is impossible to judge the values and correctness of one group. The judgment and hypocrisy Jude felt in the novel led him down a path of unhappiness and emptiness. Jude’s realization at the end of the novel correlates with Nietzsche view on religion; one must choose his own path because when God is dead, all that is left is the individual perspective on reality.

Dharma Bums

Erica Schlecht Professor George Dorsty English 223 2 April 2013 A True Dharma Bum One of the most powerful quotes in the entire book that I feel sums up what it is to be a dharma bum, â€Å" I felt free and therefore I was free†. This quote from Ray Smith shows that a dharma bum must always believe in oneself and take the journey to becoming a Dharma bum from within. Although one can learn from fellow dharma bums such as the Saint Teresa bum, Han Shan, and Japhy the ultimate truth of being Dharma bum comes from within.Saint Teresa Bum is the â€Å"first genuine dharma bum† that Ray Smith, the main character is Dharma Bums has ever met. The book starts off with Smith jumping into a box car where he runs into the Saint Teresa bum. The bum found a prayer written by Saint Teresa that he cut out of a reading room magazine in Los Angeles a few years before. He reads this poem to himself every single day as he roams around staying out of everyone else’s way. When Smith asked the bum about his religion he was very modest about it.Smith also noticed that the bum was much more patient than he when it came to the boxcar being so cold. Although Smith never fully reveals why he thinks he is the first true dharma bum he has met, I believe it is because he humbles Smith and teaches him more about being a true dharma bum than he could have ever imagined. Before meeting the bum, Smith felt very secure and sure that he was a true bum. After seeing how loyal this bum was to reading his prayer and staying true to himself he re thinks what it means to be a dharma bum.The Saint Teresa bum’s patience, focus on prayer, and spirit about life make him a dharma bum. Another Dharma Bum that Jack Kerouac learns from is Han Shan. From the book we see that, â€Å"Han Shan you see was a Chinese scholar who got sick of the big city and the world and took off to hide in the mountains† (14). He wrote â€Å"Cold Mountains† a thousand years ago scribbled o n the sides of clips hundreds of miles away from human beings. He only had one human friend, a â€Å"funny Zen lunatic Shin-te† who was a poet but did not write down his poems.Hand Shan was Japhy Ryder’s hero because he was a poet, mountain man, a Buddhist dedicated to the principle of meditation on the essence of all things, vegetation. A man of solitude who could take off by himself and live purely and true to himself. From Han Shan one can take away that a Dharma Bum is one who follows the same life that Han Shan does. A dharma bum must be able to live in solitude and be dedicated to meditation. Both things that all of the dharma bums written about in this novel strive to do.The truest dharma bum that is written about in the novel Dharma Bums is the one of the main characters, Japhy Ryder. Japhy teaches â€Å"Dharma Bums refusing to subscribe to the general demand that they consume production and therefore have to work for the privilege of consuming, all that cramp they didn't really want anyway such as refrigerators, TV sets, cars, at least new fancy cars, certain hair oils and deodorants and general junk you finally always see a week later in the garbage anyway, all of them imprisoned in a system of work, produce, consume, work, produce, consume†¦ (Chapter 13). A dharma bum according to Jack Keroac is on that does not fall into the traps of society such as those who find happiness in work and worldly possessions. This comes back to the idea that your car is driving you to work. If you did not feel the need to purchase the car then you would not have to work. The simplicity of life is praised and sought after in the life of a dharma bum. One must be okay with the solidarity and embracing oneself. The dharma bums also tend to follow a buddhist life style.In chapter 24 the same idea is brought up, â€Å"Maybe I'll be rich and work and make a lot of money and live in a big house. † But a minute later: â€Å"And who wants to enslave himself to a lot of all that, though? † (Chapter 24). Jack Kerouac’s writing about this shows that dharma bums do not need to fit into the mold of working society to be happy. At the same time a dharma bum is not one that sits around doing nothing, but one who constantly searches for oneself in nature and the things around him.This is shown in another quote from the book, â€Å"by God, you're right, all those sedentary bums sitting around on pillows hearing the cry of a triumphant mountain smasher, they don't deserve it† (Chapter 12). Smith discusses what he has learned from Japhy here, â€Å"I realized I had indeed learned from Japhy how to cast off the evils for the world and the city and find my true pure soul, just as long as I had a decent pack on my back. I got back to my camp and spread the sleeping bag and thanked the Lord for all He was giving me† (156). Japhy has taught Smith that the Lord gives us all that we need and to look within the find tr ue Dharma Bum peace.Being a Dharma Bum is not something that can be defined as one particular thing. Following certain procedures such as disposing of worldly possessions to look within and find oneself is a good step, but cannot truly define one’s journey. The Dharma Bums that Smith learns from, the Saint Teresa bum, Han Shan, and Japhy are all great examples and can be learned from. Many things can be taken away from their own personal journey such as the focus on nature and looking inward. Works Cited Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York: Penguin, 2006. Print.

Au lieu de - French Expression

Au lieu de - French Expression Expression: Au lieu de Pronunciation: [oh lyeu deu] Meaning: instead of Literal translation: in the place of Register: normal Notes The French expression au lieu de can be translated by instead of or rather than, not to mention the French-English blend in lieu of. However, note the difference in pronunciation: in French, lieu is pronounced [lyeu] (click the sound file above), whereas in American English its pronounced [loo]. Examples Au lieu de can be used in front of an infinitive, a noun, or a demonstrative pronoun:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais à ©crire une lettre au lieu de leur tà ©là ©phoner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Im going to write a letter rather than calling them.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Viens maider au lieu de rester l ne rien faire  !   Ã‚  Ã‚  Come help me instead of just sitting there! When it precedes a subordinate clause, the expression becomes au lieu que (and requires the subjunctive). However, this usage is somewhat archaic; if at all possible, you should reword the sentence to use au lieu de infinitive.     Ã‚   Au lieu que tout le monde prenne sa voiture, allons-y ensemble. Instead of everyone taking his or her own car, lets all go together. More French Expressions Expressions with Most common French phrasesFrench expressions used in English

Marketing plan- Galaxy gear Essay Example

Marketing plan Marketing plan- Galaxy gear Essay Marketing plan- Galaxy gear Essay RESEARCH PROPOSAL Prepared for: Marketing Manager Subject: Yermegiyayev Azat Samsung Galaxy Gear Technology Company : Fast Furious Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Samsung is a multinational South Korean based conglomerate company that is best known for telecommunications and consumer electronics. It is headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul. It is currently the largest Korean business conglomerate. Samsung is one of the leading smartphone manufacturers in the world, while also providing a long list of products and services including advertising, hospitality, construction entertainment, communications technology and much more. The company is currently researching new technology that can help users make the most of their smartphones. The aim of the study is to increase productivity and seamlessly incorporate Samsung technology into the everyday lives of users. We are looking in to new technologies that can be used as an accessory to promote the advancement of our smartphones system. Along with this, we want to know and understand the needs of our clients and how they respond to this type of development. This proposal has been prepared as a response to the current smartphone battle. Samsung has released new technology that partners with their latest high- nd smartphone. The Galaxy Note Ill, a successor of the popular Samsung Galaxy Note and Saumsung Galaxy Note II, now comes with a revolutionary new smartwatch that increases the effectivity of the smartphone (Treacy, 2013). The tagline Design Your Life, speaks to the users and potential users in saying that such a piece of technology can help them increase the productivity of their day with the Samsung effectiveness of the new Galaxy Gear Watch by looking into client attitude, awareness and use. This paper will look into the details of the Samsungs understanding of the esearch objectives, methodology, rational, and data processing, reporting as well as timeframe to achieve the results and to better improve the new technology in areas that it needs improvement. SITUATION ANALYSIS Samsung has recognized the new potential for major smartphone accessories as a new potential revenue scheme and understands the need for more research in terms of sales and customer response. This means that the company will have to find out how the public reacts to the release of such technology. This research project will look into the effectiveness of the Galaxy Gear Watch and ee how users accept and utilize this type of technology. The approach of the project will be to approach users who currently own a Galaxy Gear Watch as well as potential users who would like to get their hands on one. This would give the researchers an idea of how users see the watch along with the current appeal of this new technology and how it can help Samsung market future smartphones. The results for this study will provide insight on future demands for like technology of The Galaxy Gear Watch as well as the effectiveness of the device. SAMSUNG GALAXY GEAR WATCH The revolutionary new device called a smartwatch is on the list of things techie individuals are on the look-out for. These stylish and high-performance devices go beyond time keeping, and they have the functionality to help you get through your busy day. They can perform basic tasks that allow them to act as your personal assistant. Smartwatches are seen to take over the mobile world, allowing people to connect with their phone, check messages and so much more without having to take their smartphone out of their bag or their wallet. Samsung announced the release of the Samsung Galaxy Note Ill, shortly after releasing the Galaxy Note II. This model was probably one of the most highly anticipated smartphones to come out of Korea this year. Despite the short nine month interval between releasing new phones, the Note Ill was received very well. It is probably one of the most advanced smartphones in the world as of the moment, with its high speed, amazing display, sleek lines and excellent camera. Many critics have received this particular model well and have praised Samsung for their timing. However, the Samsung Galaxy Note Ill was released with a particular accessory also available. The Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch was marketed as an accessory for the Samsung Galaxy Note Ill. It has been said that the watch makes everyday tasks much easier. Although critics had mixed reviews before the actual release of the watch, no one quite new what to expect from the revolutionary device. Samsung claimed that the device was meant to make smartphone use easier. However, many users and potential users were still skeptical about this. As soon as the Samsung Galaxy Note Ill and the Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch were released, it was only a matter of days, or even hours before tech experts and self-proclaimed critics voiced out their opinions. public. Although a number of buyers did choose to get both the smartphone and the atch, despite the hefty cost of the Galaxy Gear, the return rates were high. Samsung saw an embarrassing return rate of over thirty percent with one in every three customers returning the watch after a few days of use. After short surveys on why they have returned the Galaxy Gear, only limited responses were gathered. Most claimed that it was Just not what they are looking for. Although the public did not like the new smartwatch released by Samsung, the media leaked that it is apparently one of Oprahs favorite devices, as seen on her List of Favorites. Along with a picture of the smartphone and the watch, Oprah says that he watch helps her check her phone discreetly during meetings, without seeming impolite. Very little was said about the watch and its functionality. Looking into the comments made by Oprah can help the researchers safely assume that the functionality of the watch can work for some people who look for that type of feature. However, for the people who have returned the watch, what they are looking for in such a device needs to be determined. The researchers aim to know more about the publics response to the Galaxy Gear watch in order to determine if it was a market failure or not. The results of this study ill help Samsung know if such a device can be a good stream of revenue. Having a like device marketed with a major high-end phone that is highly anticipated is great in theory, however the question is if the product delivered is something that Samsung users and potential users are looking for. The Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch is meant to make the users lives easier by helping them multi-task and go about their day without having to constantly take their phone out. Unfortunately, it seems as if users who have purchased the watch either do not need this feature, or do not know how to fully utilize the device. RESEARCH RATIONALE Along with the research objectives mentioned above, Samsung has also come up with a SWOT analysis for the Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch. This analysis will help researchers put the new type of technology in perspective and see where it is positioned in the market. This can also help researchers determine if such a device is important in developing a new revenue stream for the company. Samsung Galaxy Gear SWOT Analysts STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Innovative technology Leading Smartphone brand Add on revenue stream Powerful marketing Product cost Small market Release is too soon for new version of Galaxy Note OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Providing something new for users and potential users Basis for future like-products Marketing new smartphones with an added device Competition coming up with new technology Losing the market to different smartphone brand Unwanted/unneeded luxury technology Samsung Galaxy Gear PESTEL analysis Political Political situation is quit stable in US but unfortunately cant say about economical side of US now is at the edge of default, it has a huge threat for all businesses in this country. It is assumed that the credit limit will extended even more. But for how long the government can continue doing this. This uncertainty may threat the businesses, Samsung is not an exception. Also international laws should be considered : INCOTERMS, as the US is in the International trading Convention. Samsung should consider different laws in different states in US. Economic environment The main factor to consider is an unemployment rate, in 2011 unemployment rate in US was 9. 1% in 2013 is 14% it is slightly better than in 2012 when the country was under recession. It is for about 34 million Americans out of work. High unemployment rate definitely affects the consumers confidence which affected the consumer spending. Social-cultural Environment Technological boom has contributed to rise of telecommunication in both business and pleasure aspects. In order to determine primary target groups to sell device for, a company need to measure social aspects such as age, demographics, etc. It will be also helpful to improve or develop a new concept of device. Technological Environment The most important factor is that the cellular network in US. Country sides has a poorer quality of the voice/data transfer but most of the population is concentrated in cities where the cellular networks has almost a 100% coverage and a high quality. Legal For the past few years there were numerous lawsuits: Apple vs Samsung A recent loss to Apple (24august 2012, Apple won wins lawsuit where was awarded for $1 billion). Had a negative effect on the sales of Samsung sales in US. Which affected the companys reputation. Also this factor the sales of Galaxy Gear. Even though that most of the case can be considered as SILLY the cost from those law suits are quit high which affects the speed of the release of new device. Also it makes harder for manufactures to be competitive (increased costs, damage of the brand image). Samsung makes a very broad environmental activities around the world. Has their strategy on following topics: Eco-product- design sustainable products Climate strategy- minimize effect on environment Recycling Take phones for using old details in new phones Sustainable operation- substances BCG MATRIX Market growth Market share Smart watch 3% Sony 2. % 7% We can see that the Galaxy Gear has a very small market share and market growth rate. The same we can say about its closest competitor in smart watch sector (Sony). This can be explained that the product is very new and the product was advertised badly. So customers are not able to see the products all opportunities. By many experts it is estimated that the growth of this ind ustry may increase to the rate as the smartphone industry. It is estimated that by 2018 the smart industry may rise to 9 billion but now it is only 800million-1. billion if the growth rate of the industry will be 9-10% per year. So this explains why Galaxy gear has a small market share and a small market growth. The market is only shaping there is a long way to its maturity. So this shows a high potential of Samsungs products. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The objectives of this research is to establish the effectiveness and desirability of Samsungs Galaxy Gear towards users and potential users so that the business can: Understand how valuable these new major smartphone accessories are for the organization In terms of sales and a potential revenue system. Understand how valuable these new major smartphone accessories are for the users this will help the researchers understand how the users respond to such technology and how it makes their lives easier. Understand what needs to be improved with the Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch the technology of the Galaxy Gear Watch still has room for improvement. The response of current users in terms of what they wish to see in the atch will be gathered to help researchers understand what users are looking for in this type of technology. Understand how to position and market future like- technologies when releasing a new smartphone this insight will allow researchers to see how the market responds to this new technology and how Samsung can create a new revenue stream from a product like the Galaxy Gear Watch. See Table below for areas of research focus: Fig 1: Areas of focus for Questionnaire Understanding Awareness of the product Are they aware that Samsung has come up with a new smartwatch made exlusively for the Samsung Galaxy Note Ill Smartphone? Have they ever seen in any form of advertising? If so, how many times? How did they hear about the new smartwatch? Will they recognize the device as a Samsung innovation when they see it? Attitude towards the new product Are they interested in owning such a device? Do they like the device in terms of aesthetics? What about the device is most intriguing? Do they believe that such a device can improve their productivity? How do they think this type of technology can improve their lives? Attitude to Samsung as a result of the new product Has the smartwatch device enabled them to know more about what Samsung is about? Do they see Samsung Smartphones differently after the release of the device? Would they consider purchasing future Samsung products if they came with a like device? Attitude to purchasing decision as a result of the new product Are they happy with their purchase? Do they believe that the cost of the product is fair? Would they recommend this new technology to friends and loved ones? Do they feel as if they have fully utilized the technology? Has this smartwatch helped them better function in the day? Does this smartwatch help them increase the effectivity of their smartphone? Did they purchase the smartphone because of the smartwatch? METHODOLOGY AND RATIONALE Samsung specializes in developing new innovative technologies and understands the key considerations to determine the most appropriate research methodology for this project: These include: The dispersed location of the audience Company policy towards engaging in market research such as this Sample set is small, therefore all users and potential users will be able answer all the research questions The users and potential users have a time restriction Therefore, this research will include three types of research: Very important to note that the region was take a US for the research. Because most international IT ompanies demonstrate and realease their products first in US. A success in US market means a lot in general success of the company. Also Us is the one of the biggest consumers in the world. 1 . Secondary Desk Research Once all the information is gathered, a secondary type of research will commence. Using the answers from the surveys, the researcher will look into areas that need awareness and how the users utilize such a product. The focus of the secondary research is also to explore new marketing strategies that can be used in order for people to know more about the new Galaxy Gear Watch. Apart from this, the research ill be used to know more about what can be done in terms of future technology innovations and how well they can be marketed with a new smartphone. 2. Primary Qualitative Research This stage will be seen as a basis for the research. Samsung will need to get initial feedback from users and potential users in order to develop the other areas of the study. This area will greatly improve the quality of the research conducted in terms of secondary and primary research. A small group of users and potential users from one area with different Job functions and occupations will be gathered to represent different groups. This small focus group can provide more insight on the product and let researchers know what needs to be improved when it comes to the technology. The potential users along with the current users will be able to sit-through a short tutorial on how to use the product and fully utilize it so that their productivity throughout the day can be improved. The users will first be asked what they like about the product, and the potential users will be asked if they would want such a product and what they find intriguing about it. They will also be asked why they have yet to purchase the Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch and what causes their reluctance in purchasing such a product. Samsung will have two moderators for this focus group, two members who have been selected for this specific role because of their interview and communication skills. They are most competent in reading into the attitudes of the users so that they can get the best, most accurate and most useful results for this study. 3. Primary Quantitative and Qualitative Mixed Research The primary quantitative and qualitative mixed research approach will be done in the form of a survey. The survey will ask relevant questions to people who are both ware of the new product and those who are not. This will be structured in a way to help us know where to focus on our secondary desk research portion for the study. Samsung has a good client base in the United States, and this particular study will focus on the clients of three different telecommunications stores in a specific area. The survey will only be about 10 15 minutes long where users and potential users will be answering mostly yes or no questions. A pilot testing phase for this will be done to see if the questionnaire is too long or too short. Telephone-based interviews for this research will not be used. However, online urveys will be needed. This will be provided by Survey Monkey, one of the leading online survey providers online (Buchanan Hvizdak, 2009). Samsung will create a short survey on their local website and email customers who are registered on their database. We will only collect the first set of surveys that are submitted and create a cut-off only for research purposes. This is a fast, effective and cost-friendly way to receive feedback from users and potential users. SAMPLE clients, as mentioned above. This particular study will be conducted in one of Samsungs headquarters in the United States. There will be a total of 12 individuals or each focus group discussion and a total of 100 120 respondents for the survey. The researchers believe that this sample size will be broad enough to gather useful information about Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch. The respondents in the survey should represent a particular group which Samsung would like to market to or already is part of Samsungs target audience. Before Samsung does come up with the focus group to identify the few respondents in the discussion, users and potential users will have to submit the following information in order for the researchers to determine if the individuals are a good fit for the study: First Name Last Name Occupation Job Title and Function Address Contact number Email address ONLINE SURVEY The online survey will be hosted by Survey Monkey, an online survey generator and provider (Buchanan Hvizdak, 2009). This will be emailed to Samsungs users and it can also be taken online in several Samsung retail stores. This method of gathering information is now very popular and it provides fast, easy and reliable results. The information from the surveys that are taken will simply be emailed to the researchers who can then compile the results. Before the survey questions will be finalized, a pilot will be done for one day, otaling of about ten surveys. Depending on the results of the survey, the researchers will then edit the questionnaire to better suit the study. The researchers will observe this chance to contact those who have already answered the survey and ask them about what they thought of the current questions and how convenient it was to answer something online. QUESTIONNAIRE GUIDE The questionnaire will involve users and potential users of Samsung phones. Those who have availed of the Galaxy Gear Watch will be generalized as Samsungs current target market. Those who have yet to buy the device, yet are interested will e studied. The questions on the survey will have a mix of closed and open questions, since it is both qualitative and quantitative. The questions will be short enough for the users to want to answer the survey. Also to make the questionnaire more effective, it should be designed in certain way: from general questions to open questions. QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Dou Yes No Maybe, I dont know 2. Do you think this device will benefit your daily life? Yes, a lot No, I dont think so 3. Do you have a Samsung phone? (if no next question) 4. Will you switch to Samsung because of the watches? 5. Do you like the design? . Will you manage to wear it every day? than 2 times Yes 7. Do regularly check recent IT news? Yes, every day No, never 8. From whom did you here about the watch? Online advertisement in Youtube Samsung Website Advertisement in magazine TV ads Once a week/ weekends/ more Friend 9. Do you think this watch will be suitable for everyone? (Kids, adults, elderly people) 10. Which gender will be more interested in this watch? Male Female 11. Do you think it is suitable for any occasions? (Wedding, party in club, business meeting, etc) Yes 12. Will you recommend this watch to your mother? I dont know 3. Will you give this watch as present to your friend? 4. Do you listen to music everyday? 15. Does this watch make music listening experience easier? 16. Will you wear it while doing sports? 17. Do you think Galaxy Gear innovative? 18. Will you wait for the next version? 19. How much are you willing to pay for Smart Watch? 50-150 1 50-250 250-350 20. What is your favorite color? White Black Red Yellow Green Blue 21 . In your opinion, what kind of functions Galaxy Gear should add? Video streaming Social media (Facebook, Twitter) Could be used as USB Other DATA HANDLING AND PROCESSING 1 . Survey Money for data collection Samsung uses a reliable and ethical data collection online provider (Buchanan Hvizdak, 2009). For a small fee each month, Samsung will have access to a customized survey created on this survey host. All information gathered from users and potential users will be collected through this host and emailed to the researchers. 3. Pilot Survey The pilot survey will be done to test the effectiveness of the questionnaires and to receive feedback from users and potential users. The researchers will see if the survey is too long / too short and if the questions are relevant to the study.

Book Report About Oliver Twist English Literature Essay

Book Report About Oliver Twist English Literature Essay The title of the book is very easy to explain. It called Oliver Twist because it tells the life story of Oliver. Further reveals the title that the book goes about a certain person called Oliver Twist. However a link from the title to the theme is hard to find in first stand. After reading the book you can link the title to the theme. Setting The book Oliver Twist was written in the  Victorian period(1838). The story took place at the time that their where a lot of social problems in England. (19th century) The social problems are relevant for understanding the story. And his development of the plot. I give you underneath a few examples: The characteristics found in the book: – In the book is a big difference between social classes. The rich people are more important and have more power than the poor people. The high social class looks down on the low class.   For example: when Nancy comes into Rose Maylies house, the people there are disgusted of Nancy and they donâ€⠄¢t trust her, because she’s poor and filthy. Also, because Oliver Twist is an orphan and has no money, his future is already determined. He has to live in poverty and work in a workhouse and he can’t do things he likes. The society actually determines everything.   – Men are superior to women. Men think women only have a couple of purposes. Women can’t have an opinion. In the book, Nancy does everything the men say she has to do, she obeys them. The men look down upon women. So the poor women are the most discriminated. There is a patriarchal society. –  An intrusive author. Charles Dickens sometimes ‘talks’ to you in the book, tells a bit of the story and comments.   – The setting is realistic and reflects feelings. In the poor neighborhood, there’s almost always rain and mud and dirt but when Oliver Twist is with Rose Maylie, the sun shines and everything seems beautiful and right(because he’s happy). Summ ary Oliver Twist is born in a workhouse. Oliver’s mother died when she was giving birth to him so he became an orphan. Oliver spends the first nine years of his life in the orphanage. In the orphanage, they gave him the name Oliver Twist. One day Oliver is sent by Mr. Bumble(a horrible man) to a coffin maker. There he also wasn’t treated well and so he ran away to London. In London he met Nancy, Fagin and Bill Sikes. Bill and Fagin wanted to make a criminal out of Oliver. One day Oliver had to break into a large house with Sikes. They got caught. Bill Sikes and his helper had the chance to ran away. But Oliver who was shot got back to the large house. Rose Maylie took care of him. Meanwhile, Nancy learned about Oliver’s past. She went to Mr. Brownlow (a nice man who had taken care of Oliver before) and Rose to tell them about Oliver’s history. It turned out that Oliver’s identity was found. He had a half-brother with the name Monks. He was a crimin al. Monks didn’t want anyone to know that Oliver and He where half-brothers, because otherwise he needed to share the inherited money. Meanwhile, Fagin found out that Nancy had helped Oliver and that she had told everything to Rose and Mr. Brownlow. For that Nancy got killed by her own lover Bill Sikes. After killing Nancy Bill Sikes ran away. The rest of the bad guys and Fagin got caught. Eventually Oliver was adopted by Mr. Brownlow and they bought a house close to Rose.

Managing Organisations Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing Organisations Business - Assignment Example This calls for very skilled managers that are well aware of their roles. The following is an account of my experience with a manger in a banking institution. The Experience (278 words) I was working with a bank in the UK. As a customer care officer, I had many experiences with the customers as well as the bank manager. Though this company was successful, I still believe that it could achieve even more success if the manager did not face the many difficulties that he was facing in his work. The company could hardly match its ideals with the realities of each day, meetings were poorly planned and recorded, decision making was arbitrarily done, there were inadequate control procedures instituted, and no clear ways of dealing with unsatisfactory behavior or work performance. However, the manager worked very hard to ensure that these problems were appropriately dealt with. Therefore, he started having trust and confidence in all those involved in the company. As Thomas, (1987, pp 729) sta tes about qualities of a good manager, I believe he was a good manager because he was good in both personal and interpersonal skills like communication with the staff. Other skills that he applied were people oriented roles like teamwork, resource investigation, and co-ordination. He observed action oriented roles like implementing the desired goals of the company. ... Integrating Theory with Experience (342 words) According to Mintzberg (1973, pp 2), a good manager observes the following managerial roles: information, decision and interpersonal roles. Information roles involve assimilation and dissemination of information as required, and when it is required. Therefore, a good manager in an organization should be very effective in monitoring and collecting information from inside and outside the organization, communicate information to organization’s members, and being a spokesman by representing the organization outside. In this case, I believe that the manger was playing a good role because he always engaged in interpersonal and personal communication with the staff. However, his representation of the organization outside, especially to potential customers, was very poor because he mainly relied on the salespersons. The theory of Mintzberg (1973, pp. 2) also states that a good manger should also play the role of decision making. In this a rea, he has to initiate new ideas that ill improve the performance of the organization, handle disturbances by taking corrective actions that aim at coping with adverse situations, be a resource allocator by effectively allocating monetary, physical, and human resources. Finally, he should also be a negotiator. This involves negotiating with other stake holders and trade unions. Though the manager was good at initiating new ideas, he failed on the part of handling disturbances because he always blamed others incase of a problem instead of effectively solving the problem. He rarely negotiated for the company with trade unions. Thus regular strikes were experienced that yielded heavy losses. However, he was a

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Law - Essay Example Since Standard Contracts display an inherent certainty, they leave no scope for ambiguity. The Supplier who has made the Standard Contract (Employers, Banks, Investors and other such people) can impose their own clauses. They impose their own clauses and are adamant about any proposed change by the client. What makes provisions in agreements â€Å"standard† is the failure of the client to negotiate them and the willingness of those artists to accept such an off-putting reply that something is â€Å"standard.† ( IVAN HOFFMAN, B.A., J.D.) There are of course many provisions that should be included in any thorough agreement even though many of those provisions and their internal components remain fully negotiable. But at the very least, money points, royalties, advances, reserves should be considered as fully fair game in all deals. Other agreed terms, whilst not mandatory, have been subject to agreement between the negotiating parties nationally and should not therefore n eed amending in any way at local level. There are only a small number of terms which will be particular to each practice and which will need to be tailored to reflect the agreement. In the present scenario there is precious little that the client can do. There are not too many legal instruments could be provided to the client against the supplier, who has prepared the Standard Contract. As a rule, the standard conditions are valid in most circumstances.

The Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution - Assignment Example Chen and Goldberg conducted a study whose results reveal a 6% rise in non-accidental deaths for every 10 ÃŽ ¼g/m3 rise in fine particles, independent of gender, age, and geographic region. The results were derived from a linear exposure-response pattern whereby mortality rose exponentially with rising concentrations of fine particles. Air pollution, therefore, recognizes no national boundaries and may be transported over long distances. Even at current levels, air pollution is a threat to entire populations. It is an increasing global problem yet no serious efforts have been made towards addressing the issue. Evidence from present and past epidemiological studies strongly supports stringent standards against air pollution, especially from particles, in Canada and other countries. More than three million people die from outdoor air pollution across the world every year. An equal number of people also suffer from a wide range of heart diseases. Societies bear huge costs in terms of ill health and lives lost. Extensive new epidemiological evidence from the OECD estimations of the Value of Statistical Life and the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study inform this report as to the health impacts arising from air pollution and associated economic costs. This chapter explores certain policy implications of the costly burden of the health effects of outdoor air pollution. The argument in the chapter revolves around the need to establish and maintain strong regulatory regimes – particularly strict vehicle standards regimes – and the need to rethink the tax and regulatory settings for diesel vehicles. In addition, the chapter shows that the advantages of lowering the economic cost burden arising from air pollution could easily topple the monetary costs of investing in programs of mitigation and that it is crucial to rethink approaches to investment appraisals. The findings of the report

The Financial Statement With the Continental Model Emphasizing Research Paper

The Financial Statement With the Continental Model Emphasizing Creditors Protection - Research Paper Example One practical difference that comes immediately to mind as a result of the above factors, is the different method of depreciation followed in the United Kingdom and Germany, which are at the opposite ends of the spectrum. Whereas in the United Kingdom depreciation is determined according to custom with, â€Å"convention and pragmatism, rather than exact rules†¦[determining] the method of depreciation, estimates of the scrap value and the expected length of life† (Ferrari L 2005). In Germany on the other hand, tax regulations lay down all these aspects in detail, leaving no room for subjectivity or manipulation. Needless to say, the financial statements of the same company prepared using different accounting practices would have different degrees of transparency. The more transparent the financial statement, the higher the quality and the more its value to investors and shareholders. Another difference lies in the realm of public disclosure. On the Continent, shareholdings are likely to be concentrated in the hands of a few institutional investors like banks and contacts between the company and the bank are likely to be kept confidential. Whereas, when there are more diverse shareholders, public disclosure is more common, allowing a greater number of people to asses the financial viability of a company and its future prospects and potential for growth. These differences in accounting practices, however, are a handicap in the increasingly globalized marketplace. Differences between accounting systems make it difficult to compare the relative worth of a company from an investor’s point of view, especially when the investor could well be from yet another country.

World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

World War II - Essay Example Various films have portrayed the subject of World War II in various formats. The world war films have been made with varying themes like war crimes, nuclear holocaust, refugee problems, technology innovations etc. But I have found ‘The Great Escape’ as one of the most interesting films made on WWII. It was made in 1963 and directed by John Sturges. The film is exemplary in its portrayal of human mind that is capable of giving man the inner strength to creatively evolve strategies to defeat enemies in their own ground. The film is all about prisoners of war of Allied forces who are captured by German army. It is a true story which tells how group of POWs tried to escape to freedom from captivity in jail which was supposed to be escape free! The film has treated the serious issue of war from a human angle which is unique. It has sensitively depicted the frustrations of inmates, the inhuman conditions of captivity and optimism of the prisoners who continue to seek new ways to make their way. The major strength of the movie was that prisoners from Allied force coming from different nationality were united in their common cause. They worked together and used their wit and cunning to divert the attention of security so that at least one of them can become free.

From washington's farewell address warning against getting involved in Essay

From washington's farewell address warning against getting involved in foreign entanglements to the Monroe Doctrine to Theod - Essay Example They were not the only presidents to do this. In later times, at least three Cold War era presidents also followed this course, including Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. Nor did it end with the conclusion of the Cold War. Barack Obama himself has embraced this policy of implied force as a central theme of his policy. As will be seen, this overriding theme of implied force is the definitive common denominator of all presidential decision-making in foreign policy. Five sources were consulted in the preparation of this paper, and all proved invaluable in the development of one’s understanding of this topic. Harry Ammon provided a critical background for the analysis of James Monroe’s famous doctrine of 1823 as a major departure point for American external policies. Harlow Giles Unger took a somewhat dissenting view from the conventional view that the Europeans had a distinct advantage over the fledgling American republic, and notes that the Ameri cans were stronger at that time than usually given credit for, a surprising position indeed! Former senator Cary Hart of Colorado has the unique insider’s perspective as a practicing politician in the halls of power for many years. Although a seasoned practitioner, Hart is no intellectual lightweight. He holds a doctorate and has lectured at Yale, Oxford and other hallowed institutions. Aida Donald offers keen insights into the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, and helps to elevate Roosevelt in historical stature. Louis Auchincloss, an authoritative Roosevelt biographer, establishes the basic thread of continuity between Monroe and Roosevelt, the two presidents emphasized here. James Monroe seemed marked out by destiny to be a diplomat. A protege of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, fellow Virginians and his immediate forerunners as presidents, Monroe apprenticed himself as a minister to foreign powers. What bothered him from an early date, however, was the comple te lack of respect he encountered toward American diplomats and his beloved country. He felt that America should be taken more seriously as an emerging power in its own right, and he was determined to gain that respect. When he became president, Monroe continued to be influenced by Jefferson and Madison. Britain, Spain and Russia proved particularly worrisome to him. Jefferson had cautioned him against entanglements with European powers—echoing Washington—but Monroe had some ideas of his own about diplomacy. Apparently, as early as March 1822, Monroe was disturbed by European expansion into Latin America (Ammon 476-481). He was already toying with the notion of an â€Å"American system† by that date, so it was not surprising that he went before Congress in December 1823 with the address that would come to be known as the â€Å"Monroe Doctrine†, but only after 1850. This policy, now so familiar to posterity, was only part of Monroe’s unique position in American history. He may be credited with being America’s first â€Å"national security president† (Hart 114). He had already fortified America’s northern border with Canada and taken other measures deemed appropriate for security purposes, so it was but a small leap for him to

World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

World War II - Essay Example Various films have portrayed the subject of World War II in various formats. The world war films have been made with varying themes like war crimes, nuclear holocaust, refugee problems, technology innovations etc. But I have found ‘The Great Escape’ as one of the most interesting films made on WWII. It was made in 1963 and directed by John Sturges. The film is exemplary in its portrayal of human mind that is capable of giving man the inner strength to creatively evolve strategies to defeat enemies in their own ground. The film is all about prisoners of war of Allied forces who are captured by German army. It is a true story which tells how group of POWs tried to escape to freedom from captivity in jail which was supposed to be escape free! The film has treated the serious issue of war from a human angle which is unique. It has sensitively depicted the frustrations of inmates, the inhuman conditions of captivity and optimism of the prisoners who continue to seek new ways to make their way. The major strength of the movie was that prisoners from Allied force coming from different nationality were united in their common cause. They worked together and used their wit and cunning to divert the attention of security so that at least one of them can become free.

Puritans, Max Weber Essay Example for Free

Puritans, Max Weber Essay 1.Explain: Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England. Puritans were people who wanted to get rid of things that were not stated by Jesus Christ or by the Bible. They rejected decisions and traditions established by the Church (i.e. people). Examples: paintings of God and Jesus, rich ornaments and dà ©cor, hierarchy in Church, selling pardons. They also thought that the temples should be smaller and not so monumental. Puritans’ beliefs were a threat to the hierarchy and wealth of the English Church, so they were persecuted and unwelcome in there. They had to look for a place they could live the way they wanted. 2.Describe the Puritans who set sail to America in 1620. Majority of Puritans who set sail to America on Mayflower in 1620 was well-educated and belonged to upper middle class (they were rather rich). Those people couldn’t worship God according to their beliefs because their religion was a threat to the Church of England. Puritans were constantly persecuted and they left to Netherlands, and then to Virginia in Noth America. Their trip resembled Exodus to the promised land. Puritans called themselves Pilgrims, because it was a pilgrimage to the new world where they hoped to be free and to establish the Church there. 3.The literary genres Puritans practiced and did not practice. 4.Explain the notion of predestination and how Puritans shaped they lives according to it. Puritans believed that they don’t have any influence on whether they will go to heaven or to hell. They believe that God knows it before they are born and they can do nothing about it. (There is a paradox of free-will - although one may be a good person, he/she can still go to hell.) God may change his mind, but people cannot do anything. For Puritans, the fact that someone is rich and successful means that this person may be predestined, so they work even harder and look for success, hoping that maybe this would be a sign of their predestination. 5.What biblical events did the first Puritans in America draw parallels to? Puritans considered themselves to be like pilgrims to the Promised Land, like Jews running from Egypt to Israel. As they wanted to establish a Church they considered it to be a mission. 6.How did Max Weber compare Protestants and Catholics in terms of the notions of hard work and calling? According to Max Weber, Catholics believe that the hard work is their way to salvation. People have to work hard to be good people. Protestants, on the other hand, believe that they should work hard because it is their duty, as this is God’s will and it is useful for the whole country and society. For them it a kind of vocation. Every Protestant feels the vocation to work and to worship God (Everyone has his own mission in life – there have to be poor farmers and rich lawyers – this is God’s will and it is completely normal.) In case of Catholicism, only priests feel the vocation to serve God. 7.Explain how Max Weber analyzed in his discussion of Protestant ethics the notions of work, investment, charity, waste. Work– every Puritan has a vocation to work. It is a duty and God’s will. Work is useful for the whole society; thanks to work we make our community better. â€Å"Not leisure and enjoyment, but only activity serves to increase the glory of God, according to the definite manifestations of His will† Investment  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ If someone has money and is successful in business, it means that he is in God’s favor. Money should be multiplied not wasted and spent on unimportant things as luxuries and amusement. Charity– if someone needs charity it means that he is a beggar. If someone doesn’t work – he sins and offends God, as it is a duty to work. Supporting charity means supporting offending God. WASTE – waste of time is the worst and the deadliest sin. â€Å"Not leisure and enjoyment, but only activity serves to increase the glory of God, according to the definite manifestations of His will† – only hard work praises God an d any other activity is a waste. 8.What did a Puritan sermon look like (use in particular Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God). In the 18th and 19th centuries during the Great Awakening, major sermons were made at revivals, which were especially popular in the United States. These sermons were noted for their fire-and-brimstone message, typified by Jonathan Edwardss famous Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God speech. In these sermons the wrath of God was clearly one to be afraid of, although fear was not the message Edwards was trying to convey in his sermons, he was simply trying to tell the people that they could be forgiven for their sins. It combines vivid imagery of Hell with observations of the world and citations of scripture.

Describe The Strategy Of Inflation Targeting Economics Essay

Describe The Strategy Of Inflation Targeting Economics Essay In recent years, policymakers realized the weight of the inflation cost on the economy and started to pay more attention to the price stability goal. The latter is increasingly considered as the most important goal of monetary policy. Inflation has detrimental effects that could lead to a low economic growth, making the future hard to anticipate (Mishkin, 2007). The need to adopt monetary policies that can subsequently overcome the inflation issue had emerged in many countries. Central Banks had different options of strategies to implement in order to achieve long-term price stability including the inflation targeting and the monetary targeting also known as money growth targeting. In the first case, Central Banks target an explicit value of inflation while in the second case, they aim to reach a certain level of growth of a monetary aggregate. An increasing number of countries have chosen the inflation targeting to achieve price stability (Genberg, 2002). Some of them have moved away from monetary targeting to inflation targeting. A question arises: why are the Central Banks using inflation targeting over money-growth targeting? To address this question, this paper will confront these two monetary policies and try to understand the reasons of the decline of monetary targeting in favour of inflation targeting. MONEY-GROWTH TARGETING Definition The money-growth targeting refers to one of the monetary policy strategies where central banks targets an objective of an annual growth rate of a monetary aggregate (M1, M2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) in order to maintain price stability. A set of variables called intermediate targets such as money supply are used in order to have an impact on the level of inflation. These variables have to satisfy three conditions that are: measurability, controllability and ability to predictably affect the goal that is price stability. For instance, the Central Bank can announce that it will attain 5% growth rate of M2. This is an indirect way to control the final target of inflation (Mishkin, 2007). Money-growth policy was adopted in 1975 by the US Federal reserve to answer the request of Congress about setting monetary targets. Germany, United Kingdom, France and many other countries also implemented the money-growth policy in late 1970s. Examples of countries that adopted money-growth targeting In the 1970s, many countries chose this monetary targeting policy; some of them such as Germany succeed in its implementation whereas others such as the United States failed to reach their growth target range. The German success relied on two main elements: first, the flexibility of their policy rule that targeted a money aggregate but allowed it to fluctuate within a tight interval; and second, the good communication by the Bundesbank to the public. Conversely, the United States failed in implementing this monetary policy mainly because of a poor monetary control and a priority given to interest-rate movements to control inflation (Mishkin, 2007). Many cases of failure of money-growth targeting led Central Banks to change their monetary policy in favour of inflation targeting. INFLATION TARGETING STRATEGY Definition of inflation-targeting Inflation targeting was firstly adopted by New Zealand in 1990, then many countries followed such as the United Kingdom in 1992 (Mishkin, 2007). It is a monetary policy strategy that aims to sustain an explicit target level of inflation to achieve long run price stability. It is based on five key elements: publication of the numerical targets for inflation institutional commitment to sustain price stability as a principal goal information-inclusive strategy with many variables that are used for deciding the setting of monetary policy instruments communication to guarantee the transparency accountability of the Central Bank for hitting its inflation target (Mishkin, 2000). Although these five key elements are common to many countries, the way they are interpreted and applied should be country-specific. Indeed, even if countries have similar goals, they are different in their level of sensitivity to shocks and in the way they transmit mechanisms. Thus, they may imply different reactions to the same event (Genberg, 2002). The successful case of Chile The Chilean example illustrates a case where implementing the inflation-targeting was successful. In 1990, the inflation rate of that country was almost 30%. The Central Bank decided to adopt this new strategy by targeting a certain level of inflation (more than 20%) for the following 12 months. Year after year, the Chilean Central Bank reduced the inflation objectives until reaching 3.5% at the end of the decade. The Consumer Price Index inflation followed the tendency of the inflation target as it decreased from almost 30% in 1990 to 3% in the end of 1999 as we can see in the graph below. Thus, targeted inflation rates were remarkably achieved (Valdà ©s, 2007). Consumer Price Index Headline Inflation and Inflation Targets, 1985-1999 (%) The success of this gradual disinflation is due to the actions and the independence of the Chilean Central Bank but also thanks to two main supportive policies: the good fiscal policy avoiding large deficits and the healthy financial system encouraging regulations (Mishkin, 2000). Why many countries shifted away from money-growth targeting to inflation targeting? The decline of money-growth targeting One of the major disadvantages of money-growth targeting is that the achievement of the inflation objective depends on one essential condition which is the strength of the relationship between the targeted monetary aggregate and inflation; otherwise the desired result will not be reached. If this connection is weak, it would be difficult to use money-growth targeting to communicate, and this will alter the transparency of Central banks policy. Indeed, this unpredictable and instable relationship between targeted monetary aggregate and the goal variables led several countries in the 1990s to shift from money-growth policy to the inflation targeting strategy. In the 1980s, the financial innovations combined to the deregulation of the financial markets harmed the reliance on monetary targets by reducing moneys controllability (Granville, 2010). Furthermore, in the same period, the gold standard system was abandoned because of the ascent of immaterial economy. The monetarism was degraded which promoted the rise of inflation targeting. Moreover, exchange rates were also used as a target from mid-80s to mid-90s but their efficient as means of stabilizing economy were suspected especially after the currency crisis of the 1990s. Thence, inflation targeting became the most reliable substitute to these declining instruments. Advantages and disadvantages of inflation targeting The inflation targeting policy counts several advantages and disadvantages; this paper will focus on the main ones. Unlike money growth targeting, the inflation targeting success is not based on the relation between inflation and money. Indeed, a Central Bank can use other variables to conduct properly this monetary policy. Central Banks frequent interaction with governments, which are in charge of making public announcements, drives the inflation targeting strategy to be more transparent. These settings allow the public to get a better understanding of the policy (Bernanke et al., 1999). By stating an explicit numerical target of inflation, its evolution is clearer and easily understood and followed. For example, the Chilean Central Bank maintained its credibility by announcing on each September an annual targeted inflation rate for the next year on its Report to Congress (Valdà ©s, 2007). Thanks to this transparency, Central Banks accountability increases which reduces the occurrence of time incompatibility when the Central Bank applies an expansionary monetary policy in order to increase employment in the short run (Mishkin, 2007). However, inflation targeting has major disadvantages. The first one is the delayed signalling due to the inability of inflation target to send instantaneous signals. However, this issue cannot be overcome by the money-growth targeting as the signal of the monetary aggregates is not strong. The second disadvantage concerns the rigidity of inflation targeting because of the inflexible rules of the policy and the restricted capability of the policymakers to react to unpredictable events (Mishkin, 2007). Nevertheless, in practice, inflation targeting is flexible, as it does not impose mechanical directives. Indeed, this monetary policy enables Central Banks to adapt its implementation to different situations. For instance, during its first adoption of the inflation targeting strategy in 1991, the Chilean Central Bank decided to rely on inflation projections rather than formal inflation targets as suggested by this monetary policy. Few years later, after achieving and reducing its inflation projections, the Central Bank started considering hard inflation targets and started being accountable for hitting them (Mishkin, 2000). According to Valdà ©s (2007), the Chilean case shows that inflation targeting raises the possibility of self discovery, improvements and learning. Also, the fact that inflation depends on several variables makes it hard to control. Indeed, inflation integrates the impacts of these variables that are not disclosed in the short run. Finally, inflation targeting may not guarantee fiscal order. In fact, when fiscal deficits occur, they can be financed by either devaluating or printing money. In the two cases, inflation increases. CONCLUSION Adopting the appropriate monetary policy is vital for the progress and the prosperity of an economy. Many cases of money-growth targeting failure led Central Banks to change their monetary policy in favour of inflation targeting. The Chilean case represents a successful implementation of inflation targeting. Indeed, the inflation targets were remarkably reached. However, the example of Chile does not allow us to deduce that inflation targeting may succeed for all countries. Although countries have similar goals, they may have different reactions to the same event.

Melian Dialogue as interpreted through perspectives of Realism, Liberal

Melian Dialogue as interpreted through perspectives of Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism Imagine Cleomedes, son of Lycomedes, general of the famed forces of the lustrous Athenian Empire, waiting for a trio of representatives to return from The Melian Dialogue. â€Å"Well?† he demands impatiently as they arrive, â€Å"What did they say?† As perspectives and opinions in the realm of political science are fluid and bound to change, he receives a variety of replies, for the representatives body he sent happen to comprise a Realist, a Liberal and a Constructivist. The variances the philosophies and universal laws his representatives throw back at him intrigue General Cleomedes. He recognizes that within the power play of the world, and the role of Athens as a superpower within the world’s political arena, he must be thoroughly versed in every possible political perspective. Thus, he invites his representatives to share their own view of what transpired between the dialogue between the Melians and the Athenians. The Realist, absolutely dedicated to the preservation and security of the Athenian Empire declares stoutly, â€Å"General, it is no great surprise that our negotiations reflected the success and dominance of realism in the political arena.† The Liberal, mindful of universal pathos over such a nationalistic approach, gasps. Deeply moved by the proceedings of the Melian dialogue, and aghast at the lack of understanding in her fellow representatives, she offers a venomous retort, â€Å"To hell with realism! Can’t you see the truth? Oh, my comrades are blind to the universal laws of right and wrong! Truly, our very invasion of this people is immoral! We should be moved by empathy and compassion for the Melians!† A steady, even voice i... ...ialogue are enveloped in the great ‘ism’ constructs for which this extremely modern political theory is known (Hughes, Chp.3). And as the Constructivist sees social groups interacting within the world, he contributes to our understanding of the groups through the invention of identity. The Constructivists label groups of people with common interests and gives words with which to speak of rising ideas and philosophies. The Melian Dialogue bears a host of political interpretations as the Melians and Athenians negotiate the reality of power and rights of countries on the scale of empires. Though Cleomedes eventually relied on the heavy handed realist course of action in the Peloponnesian War, ideally, he could have cultivated a healthy respect for differing universal truths of political theories and the fluidity of interpretation in every text available to us today.

The Atmosphere of Macbeth is Not Wholly Bad :: Macbeth essays

The Atmosphere of Macbeth is Not Wholly Bad      Ã‚   Shakespeare's Macbeth has a sinister cast over it for obvious reasons, but are there redeeming features which partially offset the plurality of negative dimensions?    D. F. Bratchell in Shakespearean Tragedy record's Charles Lamb's consideration of   Macbeth's atmosphere as essential to the purpose of the play:    For Lamb the essence of the tragedy in Macbeth lies in the poetically suggested atmosphere of horror and evil impulse, readily seized upon by the imagination of the perceptive reader, whereas stage representation concentrates the mind on the action. (133-34) Roger Warren comments in Shakespeare Survey 30 , regarding Trervor Nunn's direction of Macbeth at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1974-75, on opposing imagery used to support the opposing atmospheres of purity and black magic:    Much of the approach and detail was carried over, particularly the clash between religious purity and black magic. Purity was embodied by Duncan, very infirm (in 1974 he was blind), dressed in white and accompanied by church organ music, set against the black magic of the witches, who even chanted 'Double, double to the Dies Irae. (283)    L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" mentions equivocation, unreality and unnaturalness in the play - contributors to an atmosphere that may not be very realistic:    The equivocal nature of temptation, the commerce with phantoms consequent upon false choice, the resulting sense of unreality ("nothing is, but what is not"), which has yet such power to "smother" vital function, the unnaturalness of evil ("against the use of nature"), and the relation between disintegration in the individual ("my single state of man") and disorder in the larger social organism - all these are major themes of the play which are mirrored in the speech under consideration. (94)    Charles Lamb in On the Tragedies of Shakespeare comments on the atmosphere surrounding the play:    The state of sublime emotion into which we are elevated by those images of night and horror which Macbeth is made to utter, that solemn prelude with which he entertains the time till the bell shall strike which is to call him to murder Duncan, - when we no longer read it in a book, when we have given up that vantage-ground of abstraction which reading possesses over seing, and come to see a man in his bodily shape before our eyes actually preparing to commit a muder, if the acting be true and impressive as I have witnessed it in Mr.